Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. By the mid-19th century, the term “Kashmir” denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (which includes the divisions of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, and Ladakh). The Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract.
For travelers looking to explore the region further, check out Visiting Places in Pakistan for curated destinations nearby.
In the first half of the 1st millennium CE, the Kashmir region became an important center of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose.[4] In 1339, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the Salatin-i-Kashmir or Shah Mir dynasty.[5] Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire from 1586 to 1751,[6] and thereafter, until 1820, of the Afghan Durrani Empire.[5]That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir.[5] In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir.
Nearby cultural sites such as UCH Sharif illustrate the broader shrine culture of the region.
The rule of his descendants, under the paramountcy (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Indian Empire became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China.
For readers seeking a broader sense of the region’s travel opportunities, see Visiting Places in Pakistan.
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